Happy Itsenäisyyspäivä

Itsenäisyyspäivä translates to Independence Day in Finnish.

These are photos I shot at the estate of the late Finnish composer Jean Sibelius when I accompanied Mayor Bill Bogaard and his field representative, Judy Kent, to Järvenpää, Finland, in summer 2008 for a celebration of the 25th anniversary of our sister city relationship.


Finland was gobbled up by Russian Czar Alexander I in 1809 and declared its independence from Czar Nicholas II on Dec. 6, 1917.

Sibelius composed the iconic "Finlandia" for a pageant in 1899; Czar Nicholas II banned it because it became so identified with Finnish national aspirations.

There's a statue of Czar Alexander II in Helsinki. He's considered the "good czar" by Finns because when he came into power in 1855 he agreed to let them maintain their Lutheran faith and the laws of their land.


Here are Judy Kent, Mayor Bogaard and I at the Helsinki statue, posing for a "Star-News on Vacation" shot:


I want to give a special shout-out to Leena Ritala-Skoutaris, a special friend in Finland:


Happy Itsenäisyyspäiväm, Leena!


The photo of Leena was shot by Judy Kent.

Mystery History -- Solved

Barbara Ellis was almost there with her 2:52 p.m. Tuesday guess "Waiting for President Taft to arrive at the Pasadena railway station after his visit to the city in 1909?" So I'm giving her the fabulous prize this week!

Yes indeed, President William Howard Taft visited Pasadena on Oct. 12, 1909, during an automobile tour of California. He was the first U.S. president to use automobiles for official state occasions. His automobile of choice: the Pierce-Arrow.

In the photo above, household help at the Fenyes estate wait for President Taft's motorcade to pass on Orange Grove Boulevard. The photo detail only includes their first names -- left to right are Mina, Catherine, William and Joe. This must have been a welcome respite from their daily work in the mansion on Millionaires Row.

Here's a photo of President Taft in his chauffeured automobile, complete with secret service agents.


The Oct. 13, 1909, Los Angeles Times article titled Pasadena "Heaven" to the President is too grand not to share with you, so I've included it at bottom of this post. You'll want to double-click!

Eva Scott Muse was a divorced mother with one child when she met Dr. Adalbert Fenyes, a Hungarian nobleman and physician, during her travels in Egypt. They were married in 1895 and the following year moved to Pasadena where she commissioned an architect to design the now-famous Fenyes Mansion.

She was a very progressive thinker and had a salon built at the mansion where she hosted groups of artists, writers, actors and musicians.

Here's a 1911 photo of (left to right) Eva Fenyes, her daughter Leonora Muse Curtin, granddaughter Leonora Curtin and husband Adalbert.



In 1970 the two Leonoras donated the estate to the Pasadena Historical Society, now called the Pasadena Museum of History.


Mrs. Fenyes's granddaughter, Leonora Curtin (the little girl two photos up), married Finnish diplomat Y.A. Paloheimo, who became Finnish Consul for the southwest region of the U.S. Today, in addition to the wonderful history, grounds, furnishings and collections at the Fenyes Mansion, there is a wonderful gallery of Finnish folk art and other items.

Here's a photo of the Paloheimos in period costume during an event in the 1970s at the mansion.


I was so fortunate to have been invited to Finland in summer 2008 with Mayor Bill Bogaard and his field representative Judy Kent for the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Pasadena's Sister City relationship with Järvenpää. Our last evening there, we were hosted at a beautiful manor house owned by the Paloheimo Foundation.

OK, here's the L.A. Times write-up about President Taft's visit!





Many thanks to Pasadena Public Library and Pasadena Museum of History.

Our Järvenpää Visitors

A delegation of high school math and physics teachers from our sister city of Järvenpää, Finland, visited Pasadena last week.

For obvious reasons they visited Blair High School, Polytechnic School, Caltech and JPL; they also enjoyed being tourists, taking in the sights including The Huntington and Venice Beach.

And they visited Pasadena City Hall, where they learned (from yours truly) about the history and architecture of the building.

I had the pleasure of accompanying Mayor Bill Bogaard and Judy Kent, his field representative, to Järvenpää last June; Patsy Lane, director of our Human Services and Recreation Department, was there for a professional exchange a few years ago.

While in Järvenpää, Patsy, Judy and I became friends with Leena Ritala, the manager of international affairs for the City of Järvenpää.

Here's (l-r) Patsy, Leena and Judy as we walked to lunch at the Westin Tuesday of last week.

On Friday there was a luncheon for our Järvenpää visitors and special guests at Caltech's Athenaeum organized by the Pasadena Sister Cities Committee.

Mayor Bogaard presented a proclamation, accepted by Pasi Ketolainen, celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Sister City relationship between Pasadena and Järvenpää. Pasi was wearing two hats on this trip: He is president of the Järvenpää Chapter of the Finnish-American Society and he is a high school physics teacher.

The great Finnish pianist Janne Mertanen, who played for us during a reception and dinner in Järvenpää last June, is currently on tour in the U.S. What a pleasant added bonus to have him perform for us on Friday (he flew down from San Francisco). I was doubly fortunate to be seated next to him at the luncheon, and we caught up with each other's goings-on.

Then on Friday evening Patsy, Judy and I took Leena to dinner at Central Park Cafe. It was a lovely evening filled with food, fun and friendship.

On Sunday Patsy, Leena, Tuija (one of the teachers) and I enjoyed the Music Under the Stars concert in front of Pasadena City Hall.


The delegation headed back home on Monday (with the exception of Janne, whose U.S. tour continues). Yesterday Leena sent an email that reads, in part:

"Safe and sound back from Pasadena from our 'it never rains in California'-days. Thank you so much for the many new impressions, scientific challenges and feelings given during the days of my first ever visit to States - but not the last if I only manage to get my luggage back from Paris..."

Of Cell Phones and Climate Change

Before I move on from the topic of Sister Cities, here are some final musings:

1. The U.S. is crazy with cell phones. In Järvenpää, I didn’t hear or see a single one. Ever. In Ludwigshafen I saw a couple of them from time to time but never heard one ringing -- I think people always had them on vibrate. I didn’t realize just now obtrusive cell phones are until I stopped hearing them. So put your cell phone on vibrate from time to time or let the voice mail pick it up. It’s amazing how much more aware of your surroundings you can be without this ever-present, permeating distraction.

2. We have the luxury in the U.S. of being able to debate climate change (it’s exaggerated; it’s not taken seriously enough; it’s caused by humans; it’s caused by nature. Yadda, yadda, yadda.) Cross-country skiing is the big tourist industry in and around Järvenpää, but that industry is all dried up now because it hasn’t snowed there for two years. Helsinki Harbor freezes over every day in winter, and huge ships break it up so commerce can continue. This past winter, for the first time in recorded history, the harbor did not freeze. The icebreaking ships sat idle.

3. Converting liters to gallons and Euros to U.S. dollars, gas in Järvenpää is about $7 per gallon.

4. In Finland, as in most other Scandinavian countries, cradle-to-grave social welfare for all citizens, provided by the government, is a fact of life. From health care to a college education, it’s paid for 100%. Or, as we were told over and over again, it’s free. But it’s not. Finland has a flat 30% income tax across the board, sales tax is 22% and there are countless other taxes that are through the roof.

5. We experienced plenty of fun examples of word usage that got lost in translation. When several of us were in Heidelberg, I sat for a few minutes at an outdoor café with our tour guide's mother who lives in that town. I explained that Mayor Bogaard had remained in Ludwigshafen for some down time. “Down time?” she asked. “Yes, he’s playing hookey,” I responded. “He’s playing hockey?” “No, hookey!” I gave her an off-the-cuff definition of playing hookey and she said, “Oh, I understand – he’s making blue.”

And with that, this Queen of the Blogosphere bids a final farewell to our wonderful sister cities and our fantastic hosts.

What’s the topic for tomorrow? You’ll have to tune in to find out!

We're B-a-a-a-ck!

After an 11-hour flight from Frankfurt to LAX, Mayor Bogaard, Judy Kent and I were back on U.S. soil. Most of the others in the delegation stayed another day or two in Ludwigshafen, and then many were going to take a tour of Prague and some other cities.

Using the sole computer at each of the hotels in Järvenpää and Ludwigshafen was a real challenge. Other guests wanted to use them as well, so I was always in a hurry, which made it tougher because it took a long time to upload photos to the blog; or I used the computers very late at night (1 a.m. or so) or very early in the morning (4:30 or 5 a.m.).

So here are a few additional photos that will give you a fuller flavor of our adventures.

FINLAND

Helsinki Harbor: If it walks like a cruise ship and talks like a cruise ship, it must be a cruise ship, right?


Wrong. It's the overnight ferry to Stockholm.

The students at Järvenpään Lukio, the high school, publish a magazine that is quite impressive.



These two vans look similar. Both transport people around town. One's a Mercedes and one's a VW. There's a gigantic difference in price.


Ours was the Mercedes.

Pasadena's General Plan goal of getting around town without a car may well have been inspired by Järvenpää. Here there are big incentives for not driving a car -- there are only a few parking lots, and those only hold a handful of cars each; plus the cost to park is huge -- the average is about $20 an hour.

So people rely on bicycles, walking, buses and light rail.

Here's rush hour in Järvenpää (really):



Remember the photo of all those bikes at the light rail station? That was right next to the parking lot, which I regret I didn't photograph. It has spaces for about 20 cars max. That lot is not reserved only for light-rail riders; it also serves the Rivoli Hotel and an adjacent shopping area.

GERMANY

Bianca (second from right) grew up in Ludwigshafen and her parents still live there. A few years ago she did a professional internship at Abbott Labs in South Pasadena.



She and her significant other, Markus, who is next to her in the photo, now run a cafe at a ski resort in Austria. They presented us with gifts from their cafe.

Public art in the plaza across from our hotel: Apparently the butt crack was beyond what the sensitibilities of a passer-by could handle. (That's a Band Aid.)



OK, who's on first?
Heidelberg walkway: Barrel-vaulted ceiling with cast-stone flowers.



Pasadena City Hall: Barrel-vaulted ceiling with cast-stone flowers.



The architects Bakewell and Brown of San Francisco had many inspirations for the design of Pasadena City Hall, including classic European architecture.

That's Heidelberg Castle, looking down on the city. The imposing complex of buildings was constructed on the orders of the Prince Electors and the work took more than two centuries to complete. The tower to the left is undergoing renovation.



View from the castle: The foundation stone for the gothic-style Church of the Holy Spirit was laid in 1398. The church is the dominant feature in Heidelberg's central market area.

Farewell, Järvenpää!

It's never easy to bid farewell to friends.

Tonight was the official 25th anniversary celebration of the Sister City relationship of Järvenpää, Finland, and Pasadena, California. It also marked our last evening with our gracious Finnish hosts before we head to Germany.



About 25 people gathered at Kallio-Kuninkala, a graceful manor house owned by the Paloheimo Foundation. Some of you may know that Y.A. Paloheimo was the Finnish Consul for the southwest region of the U.S. who was married to the granddaughter of Dr. and Mrs. Adalbert Fenyes, who built the Fenyes Mansion that is now part of the Pasadena Museum of History complex.

Kallio-Kuninkala has been in the Paloheimo family for 110 years and now is owned by the Paloheimo Foundation. For more than 30 years Kallio-Kuninkala has been the site of Sibelius Academy courses for Finnish music students.

Shortly after our arrival, Mr. Lauri Paloheimo, a direct descendent of Y.A. Paloheimo, provided an overview of Kallio-Kuninkala.



We were fortunate to be entertained by Sibelius Academy students Ann-Karin Korhonen (left) and Meri-Tuuli Saarnio. They played a traditional Finnish song followed by a tune composed by Ann-Karin. The harp-like instrument is called a Kantele, which is uniquely Finnish.



Next came this wonderful songbird -- Enni Haaparanta -- who sang two short songs: one whimsical and the second a more serious number composed by Jean Sibelius. By the way, she was an exchange student in Pasadena when she was in high school.



Mayor Erkki Kukkonen spoke about the relevance of our Sister City relationship from his city's perspective, and Mayor Bill Bogaard did the same from Pasadena's perspective.

Then there was an exchange of diplomatic gifts. Mayor Kukkonen presented a tray by architect Alvar Aalto, who designed the Joonas Kokkonen home that we visited last night.



Mayor Bogaard presented a crystal award with an inscription commemorating the 25th anniversary.



Mr. Kimberly Hargan is the Public Affairs Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Helsinki (more about that below as I work backwards through the day). He was representing Barbara Barrett, the American Ambassador to Finland, who had a commitment tonight with some Japanese visitors. Mr. Hargan, who was raised in Fairbanks, Alaska, and whose brother studied on scholarship years ago at Pasadena Playhouse, made compelling remarks about the importance of public diplomacy and how sharing cultures broadens the world for everyone in it. He has beem in the U.S. diplomatic service for 20 years; this is his second year serving in Helsinki.



The final speaker was Ari Salmi, a former exchange student who spent a summer studying at Pasadena City College when he was 17 as a participant in the Telescopes in Education program. Now he is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Helsinki and his main field of study is ultrasonics. He related his experiences in Pasadena, where he did hands-on work at Mt. Wilson and JPL. I would swear I took a photo of Ari, but I can't find it.

We enjoyed a beautiful buffet dinner and visited with each other. Here's a high-level conference with the two mayors and Ilkka Holmila, the City of Järvenpää city architect.



The man in the middle is Pekka Luuk, a long-time member of the Järvenpää Ctiy Council and co-founder 25 years ago of the local chapter of the Finnish-American Society. To his left is Sheila Lamson and to his right is someone from the Jäarvenpää group whose name I don't know (sorry).



After retiring to the back porch for dessert and coffee, more gifts were exchanged -- this time between the Pasadena Sister Cities Committee and the Järvenpää chapter of the Finnish-American Society.



Ooh! Remember Ari who studied at PCC? That's him seated on the left!

I can't continue without giving a special shout-out to the fellow standing to the right of Ari. Pasi (pronounced POSS-ee) Ketolainen is the president of the Jäarvenpää Chapter of the Finnish-American Society, which of course is a voluntary position. His salaried position is as a physics teacher at Järvenpään Lukio, the local high school. Pasi is to be commended for being such an excellent teacher and mentor that one or two of his students qualify just about every year for the International Physics Olympiad. Pasi also has a keen sense of humor and never misses the opportunity to tell a funny joke with a decidedly Finnish twist. No matter what topic we might be discussing at any moment, Pasi can be counted on to say, "I have an anecdote about that!"

I don't have a photo of this, but at the end of our celebration Mayor Kukkonen presented each of us in the Pasadena delegation with a three-CD set of the the music of Jean Sibelius.

As a classical music aficionado who performed a recital version of "Finlandia" on the piano when I was a kid, the presentation of this gift brought me to tears. Besides, Judy Kent and I visited the Sibelius home earlier in the day (more about that below), which was an overwhelming experience. I will treasure this collection always.

As we prepared to leave this memorable celebration and head back to our hotel, two of the City of Järvenpää employees sent special greetings to some City of Pasadena staff: Leena Ritala, manager of international affairs, sends best wishes to Patsy Lane, director of the Pasadena Human Services and Recreation Department; and Ilkka Holmila, the city architect, extends a hearty hello to Pasadena Planning and Development Director Richard Bruckner.

* * *

The Pasadena group began the day today with a trip to the City of Järvenpää Technical Department, which oversees recreation, urban planning and internal services such as housekeeping.

The group got an overview of the department and learned about issues from, left to right, Jukka Laitila, city surveyor; Jyrki Meronen, director of the department; Hannele Portman, who oversees recreation programs; and Heidi Kawhanen, an intern.



The meeting took place at Järvenpää City Hall.



Next they visited the swimming complex, which includes swimming pools for athletes and children plus one for hydro-therapy; a water park; jacuzzis; exercise areas and more.



Judy and I played hooky! We just needed a little time away from the tight (although necessary) schedule, so we took a taxi to Ainola, the home in Järvenpää of Jean Sibelius, the most important composer in Finlands's history. It requires a bit of hike through the woods, but what a beautiful setting. Sibelius lived there from 1904 until his death in 1957.



"Finlandia" is his most famous work, although he is renowned for his many other compositions as well. While Finland was under Russian rule, "Finlandia" was banned in 1917 for being so identified with Finnish national aspirations.

Sibelius and his wife Aino are buried on the property.



Judy had her handy-dandy Pasadena Star-News with her, so we asked a docent to snap our photo at the entrance to the home.



* * *

We returned to the hotel, where we changed into "dress for success" attire and joined the rest of the Pasadena delegation (and some Järvenpää city employees as well) for a trip back to Helsinki for a celebration of our nation's independence.

We each got individual invitations.



Wow, what an impressive scene! The U.S. Embassy in Helsinki is massive, on sweeping grounds overlooking the Baltic Sea. Hundreds of people were there -- I had no idea there were so many Americans in these parts! Plus a large cadre of the international diplomatic corps was there to help us celebrate.

There was extremely strict security. Sadly, no cameras were allowed so I have absolutely nothing to show you. But it was a great scene. Barbara Barrett is the U.S. Ambassador to Finland, and I got myself into the reception line so I could greet her personally. There was a huge catering tent with all-American food and drink, including hot dogs, hamburgers, Pringles, m&m's, Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream, Miller Beer, Beringer wines from California, and on and on. The entire scene was decorated in red, white and blue. The program was very nice, with the colors posted by the U.S. Marine battalion assigned to the embassy, the U.S. and Finnish national anthems, and a short yet inspiring speech by Ms. Barrett about the significance of America's Declaration of Independence and its impact on the world.

Then it was back to the hotel for a couple of hours of down time before we headed to Kallio-Kuninkala, and now you're all caught up!

At o-dark-30 tomorrow we will head for the Helsinki airport and the flight Frankfurt, and then the drive to Ludwigshafen!

Sleep tight.

Järvenpää, Day Two

Boy oh boy, did we have a full day today!?

After my severe lack of sleep the previous 29 hours, I got a whopping four hours of sleep last night. I woke up once at 3 a.m. and snapped this photo out my hotel window -- it never gets dark!



Woke up again at 4:45, took a walk at 5 a.m. around several blocks in Järvenpää, where it was cool and a bit drizzly, but thoroughly enjoyable.

There were bicycles as far as the eye could see, parked near the light rail station immediately across from the hotel entrance. On closer inspection, I realized that not a single one of them had a lock. There's obviously a lot of trust in this Järvenpää, which is a very safe city.



At first glance it's a little hard to tell from the photo, but if you start at the most obvious point where the bikes are parked, then let your eye go to the left, then around the corner to the right (behind the green metal structure that looks like a bus shelter with the posters on it), the bike parking continues on and on and on and on down the walkway to the light-rail bridge behind the yellow building.

Our Pasadena delegation met at the restaurant in our hotel, the Rivoli. . .



. . .where we all got to know each other a little better and had some breakfast. If you've never had the pleasure of a traditional European breakfast buffet, there's something for everybody, from porridge to pickles to cold cuts to cheeses.

Then we were off for a bus tour of nearby Helsinki, the nation's capital and largest city. The Järvenpää city architect, Mr. Illka Holmila, was our tour guide. We made a few stops along the way.

By the way, we pronounce it Hel-SINK-ee, but they pronounce it HEL-sink-ee, which I'll try to remember for future reference.

Here's Judy Kent walking down a historic cobblestone street with Illka.



Judy had the foresight to bring along a recent edition of the Pasadena Star-News, so here she is with Mayor Bogaard and me in Senate Square, at the base of a monument that is a tribute to Czar Alexander II.



You can't see it from this photograph, but a large statue of Czar Alexander II stands at the top of the monument; what you do see behind us, at the base of the monument, are smaller figures that symbolize various aspects of Finnish life. That's the Lutheran Cathedral in the background.

Alexander's predecessor, Czar Nicholas I, was a hard-liner who gobbled up Finland and made it part of the Russian empire. As I understand it, once Alexander II came into power in the early 19th century, he agreed to let the Finns maintain their largely Lutheran faith and their laws of the land, for which the Finns were grateful (under the circumstances).

We hopped a tour boat that went out into the mouth of the Baltic Sea, passing the archipelago of islands, some with villages, some with private estates, some with military installations and others that are lush in their natural beauty. Reminded me of the Puget Sound.

We enjoyed a lovely lunch on the boat. There were two entree choices. With
sincere apologies to Donner, Blitzen, Rudolph and the rest, I chose reindeer from Lappland, which was delicious!



I don't understand the relevance of pickles with every meal, but they certainly added some color to the dish!

And speaking of color, a few of you know I'm allergic to strawberries. Not the anaphalactic-can't-breathe-gonna-die-get-the-epinephrin-stat kind of allergy, but the severe-rash-with-welts-and-swollen-up-skin variety.

So the waitress brought dessert -- mousse with some kind of red sauce drizzled over it. I asked my obligatory question that I always ask at the sight of any food that's red: Does this have strawberries in it? She went to check, came back and said that no, there were no strawberries -- only "forest berries."

God, God, God, I should have known. Took one teeny, tiny little bite, and then just when I felt the skin on my chest getting hot -- the first sign that this isn't going to be pretty -- the waitress returned to the table in a bit of a panic, saying, "Are you really allergic to strawberries? Because the chef just told me that 'forest berries' are wild strawberries!"

No, really?



By then the boat was pulling up to the dock, and thankfully we were heading back to the hotel. On the ride back the hot, itchy, painful rash was spreading to my arms and around my waist, and just when I thought I couldn't stand it another minute, we arrived at the hotel, I beat it up to my room, applied prescription goo in overdose proportions and then plenty of cold compresses.

It has been about two years since the last time that happened. Just thought I'd share. Poor, poor, pitiful me!

After about an hour and a half of down-time, we all changed clothes and headed out for the rest of our day.

Next stop was Järvenpään Lukio (the local high school), which is relatively new and a model for the nation. The school is open from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. and students learn the basics at their own pace in small classrooms in a setting that is rich in arts and sciences. And get this: Every student has a key to the school! Try that in Pasadena. The center of the three-story school building is a combination study area, concert hall and gathering place. It is surrounded by circular balconies that lead to hallways with lots of classrooms.

Here's our group getting a tour led by the school's principal, Atso Taipale (the gentleman in the gray suit facing Mayor Bogaard).



The young people in the foreground have all visited Pasadena over the years as exchange students.

Look what we found on a bulletin board in one of the classrooms!



To round out the day, we went to the home of the late Finnish composer Joonas Kokkonen, which is quite lovely and was designed by the important architect Alvar Aalto.

We were treated to a piano recital by Janne Mertanen, who performed a piece composed by Kokkonen when he was just a teenager. It was magnificent, and Janne seemed perfectly at home while playing on the composer's personal grand piano. The acoustics were remarkable.



We ate dinner in two connecting dining rooms, and I had the pleasure of sitting across from Janne and learning more about him and his career. He teaches music at the Polytechnic University in Helsinki and is planning a U.S. tour next year. He's also the spitting image of my nephew Mark Elliott.

Others at this dining table were Mayor Bogaard, Judy Kent, Leena Ritala, who is manager of international affairs for the City of Järvenpää, and Kaarina Wilskman, the chairwoman of the City Council.

Järvenpää follows the European tradition of having every local political party represented on the Council. So a certain number are elected from the liberal party, some from the conservative party, others from a more centrist party, still others from the communist party, socialist party, green party and even a "Järvenpää 2000" party. Total number of elected members of the Council: 51. Yep, that's right. Fifty-one.

Kaarina said they meet once a month for several hours, and much of the time is taken up by Council members giving political speeches. The public can sit in the peanut gallery and observe, but there is no public comment allowed. If citizens of Järvenpää have something to say, they have to meet with their respective Council representatives one-on-one.

There's also a subset of the Council, called the Board, that meets more frequently and tackles more pressing issues.

Here's our entire Pasadena delegation, along with our gracious hosts.



Front row, left to right: Donna Heinz, Fred Alcantar, who is the current president of the Pasadena Sister Cities Committee (PSCC); Sheila Lamson; Helena Rummakainen, our Villa Kokkonen guide.

Second row; yours truly; Janne Mertanen; Joanne Stebenne, who is chair of PSCC's Järvenpää Subcommittee; Alan Lamson, who is PSCC's student coordinator; Judy Kent, field representative to Mayor Bill Bogaard; Leena Ritala; and Karin Warner.

Back row: Kaarina Wilskman; Ilkka Holmila, the city architect; Helena's husband, whose name I regret I do not know; Järvenpää Mayor Erkki Kukkonen; Pasadena Mayor Bill Bogaard; and Michael Warner, who is chair of PSCC's German Subcommittee.

OK, I'm going to bed now. Someday I'll figure out how to do these blog postings and photo uploads more quickly, instead of taking hours. (Should I ask Aaron to be my tutor?)

Nighty-night.